Understanding Long COVID

Long COVID is a wide range of new, returning or ongoing health problems that people experience after being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. Most people with COVID-19 get better within a few days to a few weeks. Long COVID can first be identified at least four weeks after infection. Most people with Long COVID experience symptoms days after first learning they had COVID-19, but some people who later experience Long COVID do not know when they were infected.

Anyone who was infected with the COVID-19 virus can experience Long COVID. People with Long COVID (or Post-COVID) have symptoms that either develop or continue to linger a month or more after their initial COVID-19 infection. Symptoms could include:

  • Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
  • Shortness of breath, with no or minimal exertion
  • Prolonged cough
  • Chest pain
  • Loss of or reduced sense of taste and/or smell
  • Having “brain fog” or difficulty thinking clearly
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea

How can I tell if I have Long COVID?

It’s not easy for you to tell if you have Long COVID or whether something else is causing your symptoms. That’s because people with Long COVID often have symptoms that are similar to or overlap with other health conditions, making it complicated to diagnose. No test can tell whether you have Long COVID, but a health professional can take a closer look at what’s going on in your specific situation. Make an appointment with a primary care doctor you know and trust.

Identifying a Healthcare Provider

If I do not have a primary care doctor, what do I do if I think I have Long COVID?

If you don’t currently have a primary care doctor, find one. Why? A primary care doctor can:

  • Treat many health problems — including physical and mental health issues
  • Help you stay healthy by recommending preventive services, like screening tests and vaccines (shots)
  • Refer you to a specialist when you need more help with a specific health issue

How do I find a primary care doctor that is right for me?

It is important to find a doctor that you feel comfortable with.

  • Ask family, friends and other people you trust for recommendations.
  • Call your health insurance company or visit its website to get a list of doctors in your insurance network.
  • Review the doctors and select one that fits you the best.
  • If you’re uninsured, consider going to a nearby federally qualified health center (see below).

What should I look for in a primary care doctor?

When you and your doctor work together as a team, you get better healthcare. Look for a doctor who:

  • Treats you with respect
  • Listens to your opinions and concerns
  • Explains things clearly, in ways you understand
  • Encourages you to ask questions — and takes the time to answer them

Download “Choosing a Primary Care Provider” or “Choosing a Doctor: Quick Tips” for more information.

What if I don’t have insurance and/or I still cannot find a primary care doctor?

Find a federally qualified health center (FQHC) in your community. These centers are affordable and take both private and public health insurance. With their sliding fee scales, services can be FREE if you can’t pay. To find one online:

  • Go to “Find a Health Center” on the Health Resources and Services Administration’s site, https://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov/ and type in your zip code to get a list of health centers in your area.
  • Select a health center from the list.
  • Contact the healthcare center and see if they have any availability for an appointment. 

Preparing for your appointment

How should I prepare for my doctor’s appointment?

It is important to prepare ahead of time so that you can make the most of your time there. Below are some steps you can take to be ready. (You can also download and print this CDC checklist.)

  • Write down your symptoms.
  • Make a list of all of the medicines and any supplements you take.
  • Write down any questions you have for the doctor; consider getting input from a trusted family member or close friend about what you should discuss or ask about.
  • For added support, consider bringing a friend or family member with you to your appointment.