Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a growth of cells in the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) play a role in causing most cervical cancers. HPV is a common infection that's passed through sexual contact. When exposed to HPV, the body's immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. In a small percentage of people, however, the virus survives for years. This contributes to the process that causes some cervical cells to become cancer cells.

Louisiana is ranked 5th in the U.S. for cervical cancer deaths with approximately 213 new cervical cancer cases diagnosed each year.

Per CDC, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States with various strains that play a role in causing cervical cancer. About 14 million people, including teens, become infected with HPV each year. Data shows that 4 out 5 women will contract HPV at some point. Women who have received the HPV vaccine must still understand that they should also maintain regular screenings.

Signs & Symptoms

  • Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause.
  • Menstrual bleeding that is heavier and lasts longer than usual.
  • Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor.
  • Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.

Risk Factors & Behaviors

  • Smoking tobacco
  • Increased number of sexual partners
  • Early sexual activity
  • Other sexually transmitted infections - including herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV/AIDS
  • A weakened immune system
  • Exposure to miscarriage prevention medicine

Prevention Methods

  • Ask your doctor about the HPV vaccine
  • Have routine Pap tests
  • Practice safe sex
  • Don't smoke

Cervical cancer is highly preventable. Establish care with a primary care provider and/or a gynecologist to become aware of necessary screenings. Talking to a doctor to learn more about the risks and benefits of breast cancer is key. Early screening and testing are associated with improved survival outcomes. You can reduce your risk of developing cervical cancer by having screening tests and receiving a vaccine that protects against HPV infection

Women should stay up to date on PAP exams and consider receiving the HPV vaccine that protects against HPV infection and reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine is recommended for children to get the best immunological response (girls age 11-26, and boys age 11-21), however regardless of age, talk to your physician to learn if the HPV vaccine can be beneficial to you.

Testing

  • Pap test
  • HPV DNA test
  • Punch biopsy
  • Endocervical curettage
  • Electrical wire loop
  • Cone biopsy
  • Imaging tests
  • Visual exams of the bladder and rectum

Treatment Options

  • Cone biopsy
  • Trachelectomy
  • Hysterectomy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Immunotherapy

Local Resources

National Resources

Surgeon General Ralph L. Abraham, M.D.

Secretary Bruce D. Greenstein

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