Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells most often (but not always) found on skin exposed to the sun. Although the risk is higher in persons with lighter skin tones, anyone of any skin color can get skin cancer. About 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in his/her lifetime, per the American Cancer Society. Most skin cancers are preventable, and early detection gives you the greatest chance for successful skin cancer treatment.

The best way to catch skin cancer is to check your skin for changes.  It is recommended to check your skin about once a month, especially if you also exhibit other risk factors that increase your chances of getting skin cancer. 

Types:

  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Melanoma

Signs & Symptoms

The most common sign of skin cancer is changes on your skin, but know that not all skin cancers look the same. Pay attention to any new growth, change in a mole, or sore that doesn’t heal.

  • A new spot on the skin or 
  • Changes in the size, shape or color of an existing spot. These changes can vary greatly so there is no one way to describe how a skin cancer looks.
  • A spot that is itchy or painful
  • A non-healing sore that bleeds or develops a crust
  • A red- or skin-colored shiny bump on the top of the skin
  • A red rough or scaly spot that you can feel
  • A growth with a raised border and central crust or bleeding
  • A wart-like growth
  • A scar-like growth without a well-defined border

Risk Factors & Behaviors

Some risk factors of skin cancer include the following, but it is important to know that factors vary for different types of skin:

  • Age
  • Fair skin
  • A history of sunburns
  • Excessive sun exposure
  • Sunny or high-altitude climates
  • Increased number of moles
  • Precancerous skin lesions
  • A family history of skin cancer
  • A personal history of skin cancer
  • A weakened immune system
  • Exposure to radiation
  • Exposure to certain substances - including arsenic

Prevention Methods

  • Avoid the sun during the middle of the day
  • Wear sunscreen year-round
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Avoid tanning beds
  • Be aware of sun-sensitizing medications
  • Check your skin regularly and report changes to your doctor

Testing

Skin cancer screening is a visual exam that is done by a healthcare provider. It involves use of a magnifying glass, in most cases with a light to look more closely at moles and spots (birthmarks or other abnormal discoloration).

  • Skin exams
  • Skin biopsies

Talk to your doctor about your skin cancer risk, and about any changes in your skin like unusual discoloration or moles.

Treatment Options

  • Freezing
  • Excisional surgery
  • Mohs surgery
  • Curettage and electrodesiccation or cryotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Photodynamic therapy
  • Biological therapy

Local Resources

National Resources

Surgeon General Ralph L. Abraham, M.D.

Secretary Bruce D. Greenstein

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