Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection that can cause very serious illnesses. The infection is caused by a bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria live in the nose and throat of some people without causing any sickness. These people are known as being “carriers.”
In some people, the bacteria will invade the body and cause illness. These illnesses are called meningococcal disease. People spread these bacteria to others through respiratory fluids, like saliva and spit. It usually takes very close contact to spread, through coughing or kissing for example, or through contact for a long period of time.
These bacteria are not as contagious as other illnesses, like the common cold. They also don’t typically spread through the air from breathing or talking or through casual contact.
Symptoms
There are two most common types of meningococcal infections: meningitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord) and septicemia (blood poisoning.) Both of these infections are very serious and can lead to death if not treated quickly.
Antibodies are used to treat meningococcal disease. Because it’s a very serious disease and can be fatal, it’s important to start treatment as soon as possible.
Even with antibiotic treatment, 10 to 15 percent of people with meningococcal disease will die. One in five survivors are at risk of developing long-term disabilities like losing a limb, brain damage, nervous system problems or loss of hearing.
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